Reabilitação precoce à pessoa em situação crítica com fraqueza muscular adquirida em UCI: Um estudo quasi-experimental / Early rehabilitation for critically ill patients with ICU-acquired weakness: A quasi-experimental study / Rehabilitación precoz del enfermo crítico con debilidad muscular adquirida en la UCI: Un estudio cuasiexperimental

Resumo Enquadramento: A fraqueza muscular adquirida em cuidados intensivos é uma complicação importante e a reabilitação precoce potencia uma melhoria dos resultados na pessoa em situação crítica. Objetivo: Analisar os resultados na pessoa em situação crítica com diagnóstico de fraqueza muscular adquirida em cuidados intensivos, sensíveis à intervenção de enfermagem de reabilitação. Metodologia: Estudo quasi-experimental, com amostra não probabilística constituída por 80 pessoas, distribuídas em grupos experimental e de controlo. Os grupos receberam o mesmo padrão de cuidados de enfermagem de reabilitação, diferindo em quantidade e frequência consoante o intervalo temporal. Resultados: Os participantes do grupo experimental apresentaram maior independência funcional na transferência, maior força muscular no momento da alta, diminuição do número médio de dias de sedação, de ventilação mecânica invasiva, e de internamento e do score do Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System 28 na alta. Conclusão: O aumento em quantidade e frequência da intervenção de enfermagem de reabilitação permitiu uma melhoria dos resultados na pessoa em situação crítica.

Abstract Background: Intensive care unit-acquired weakness is a severe complication, and early rehabilitation can improve health outcomes in critically ill patients. Objective: To examine the health outcomes sensitive to rehabilitation nursing care in critically ill patients diagnosed with intensive care unit-acquired weakness. Methodology: This quasi-experimental study uses a non-probability sample of 80 patients distributed between an experimental group and a control group (CG). The groups received the same rehabilitation nursing care intervention, differing only in the number and frequency of implementation due to the different time intervals of each group. Results: EG participants revealed a greater functional independence in the transfer, greater muscle strength at the moment of discharge, decreased mean number of days under sedation, receiving invasive mechanical ventilation and of hospitalization, and lower scores in the Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System-28 at the moment of discharge. Conclusion: The increased number and frequency of rehabilitation nursing care interventions improved health outcomes in critically ill patients.

Resumen Marco contextual: La debilidad muscular adquirida en cuidados intensivos es una complicación importante y la rehabilitación precoz puede mejorar el pronóstico del enfermo crítico. Objetivo: Analizar los resultados en pacientes críticos diagnosticados de debilidad muscular adquirida en cuidados intensivos, sensibles a la intervención de enfermería de rehabilitación. Metodología: Estudio cuasiexperimental, con una muestra no probabilística compuesta por 80 personas, divididas en grupo experimental y grupo de control. Los grupos recibieron el mismo estándar de cuidados de enfermería de rehabilitación, diferenciados en cantidad y frecuencia según el intervalo de tiempo. Resultados: Los participantes del grupo experimental tuvieron mayor independencia funcional en la transferencia, mayor fuerza muscular al ser dados de alta, reducción del número medio de días de sedación, de ventilación mecánica invasiva, de estancia hospitalaria y de la puntuación del Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System 28 en el momento del alta. Conclusión: El aumento de la cantidad y la frecuencia de la intervención de enfermería de rehabilitación permitió una mejora de los resultados en la persona en estado crítico.

Clinical course and endocrine dysfunction in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy: A case series.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a peroxisomal disorder affecting particularly the nervous tissue and adrenal cortex. Adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) is the most frequent phenotype, although adrenal insufficiency is usually the first manifestation in male patients. We set out to describe the clinical and biochemical features, together with the clinical course of X-ALD patients, focusing particularly on endocrine dysfunction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 10 male X-ALD patients followed up at the Endocrinology Department. Epidemiologic data, phenotype evolution, endocrine and neurological findings and family history were analysed. RESULTS: All the patients presented with adrenal insufficiency, 4 of them during adulthood, with a mean age of 19.6±17.1 years (6-64 years). Six patients had mineralocorticoid deficiency. At diagnosis, 8 patients had Addison-only phenotype and 2 AMN phenotype. In the course of follow-up (24.9±16.1 years), 4 patients developed AMN about 25.0±7.4 years after the initial diagnosis and 2 patients presented the cerebral adult form 11 and 17 years after the initial diagnosis. Testosterone levels were within the normal range in all patients. There were 7 families, and age of onset and clinical course were similar in 3 of them. CONCLUSIONS: The presentation of X-ALD varied widely, 40% of the patients presented with adrenal insufficiency in adulthood, 60% had mineralocorticoid deficiency, and the onset and progression of neurological manifestations showed no pattern. Nevertheless, some similarities in the clinical course were found in some families. Our findings reinforce the need for screening for X-ALD at any age when approaching adrenal insufficiency and the importance of a multidisciplinary approach between endocrinologists and neurologists.

Monitoring of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion treatment in Portugal and its implications for diabetes management.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Intensive insulin therapy in the treatment of type 1 diabetes can, in place of multiple daily injections of subcutaneous insulin (MDI), be performed with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) systems. This method allows for better glycemic control and thus reduces the risk of complications of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of treatment with CSII in Portugal. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the records on the national CSII platform was carried out between January 2010 and August 2021. All the registered patients are followed in certified CSII treatment centers in Portugal. Of the 7135 registered patients, 3807 were excluded due to absence of monitoring data. The reasons for treatment were analyzed and a comparison was made between patients with and without CSII. The statistical significance considered was α < 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 3328 patients were included in the study, 1136 under MDI and 2192 under CSII. The main reasons for CSII use were marked glycemic variability (25%) and HbA1c greater than 7% (23%). Patients under CSII had a lower HbA1c (7.7 ± 1.0% vs. 8.0 ± 1.5%, p < 0.001), as well as a lower frequency of episodes of severe hypoglycemia (1.4 vs. 3.3 per 100 patient-years, p < 0.001), and ketoacidosis (1 vs. 2.4 per 100 patient-years, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The present analysis validates the advantage of using CSII in metabolic control and reduction of acute complications of type 1 diabetes, both severe hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis, in the Portuguese population. CSII therapy is classically associated with an increased risk of ketoacidosis; however, in experienced centers and adequate patient education, the opposite is found.

IgG4-related disease of the thyroid gland.

IgG4-thyroid-related disease (TRD) represents an uncommon spectrum of diseases, with four subcategories established so far, IgG4-related Hashimoto's thyroiditis, fibrosing variant of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Riedel's thyroiditis and Graves disease with elevated IgG4 levels. We report the case of a 59-year-old woman presenting with painless cervical swelling and hypothyroidism. Thyroid gland was enlarged and distinctively very hard, with reduced mobility. Neck ultrasonography showed multiple nodularity and diffuse thyroid enlargement, which on CT scan conditioned slight deviation of the airway. Fine-needle aspiration of the biggest nodule was suggestive of lymphocytic thyroiditis. She developed compressive symptoms and was submitted to total thyroidectomy. Histology of the thyroid revealed extensive areas of fibrosis, oncocytic cells and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the predominance of IgG4-secreting plasma cells. IgG4-TRD is characterised by a rapidly progressive and destructive thyroiditis process. Typical presentation can often mimic malignancy; hence, an opportune recognition of IgG4-TRD may avoid unnecessary burdens.

Thyroid tuberculosis: an unexpected diagnosis.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is an aerobic bacillus responsible for tuberculous infection. The the thyroid gland being affected by MTB is a rare condition. A 71-year-old woman had 6 months of slight cervical discomfort. Her neck ultrasound showed, at the right lobe of the thyroid, a dominant heterogeneous nodule of 18 mm and homolateral lymph nodes with suspicious ultrasonographic features. The patient underwent fine-needle aspiration, the results of which were non-diagnostic (thyroid nodule) and reactive pattern (lymph node). A total thyroidectomy was performed and a lymph node was sampled for extemporaneous examination. Surprisingly, necrotising granulomas were documented. The diagnosis was definitely established by a positive culture of the lymph node tissue and molecular detection of MTB. Pulmonary involvement was excluded and she was started on antituberculous agents. In the absence of systemic, specific complaints or history of exposition, histopathology and culture of MTB remain a key step for the diagnosis.

Cumplimiento de los propósitos de salud bucal para el 2015 en pobladores de un consultorio médico / Fulfillment of the purposes of oral health by 2015 for residents of a doctor´s office

Se realizó una investigación descriptiva y transversal con vistas a describir el cumplimiento de los propósitos de salud bucal para el 2015 en 224 pobladores de ambos sexos, pertenecientes al consultorio médico No. 46 del área de salud "José Martí Pérez" de Santiago de Cuba, desde agosto del 2013 hasta diciembre del 2014. Los datos de interés fueron plasmados en una planilla confeccionada al efecto. Se utilizaron variables cualitativas, cuantitativas y medidas de resumen como el porcentaje y el índice. Estos propósitos solo se cumplieron en los jóvenes de 18 años que mantenían todos sus dientes y en la población sana periodontalmente.

A descriptive and cross-sectional investigation aimed at describing the fulfillment of the purposes of oral health by 2015 in 224 residents of both sexes, belonging to the doctor´s office Nº 46 of "José Martí Pérez" health area in Santiago de Cuba, was carried out from August, 2013 to December, 2014. The data of interest were written in a form made to this purpose. Qualitative, quantitative variables and summary measures were used as the percentage and index. These purposes were only fulfilled in the 18 years adolescents who had all their teeth and in the periodontally healthy population.

Cumplimiento de los propósitos de salud bucal para el 2015 en pobladores de un consultorio médico / Fulfillment of the purposes of oral health by 2015 for residents of a doctor´s office

Se realizó una investigación descriptiva y transversal con vistas a describir el cumplimiento de los propósitos de salud bucal para el 2015 en 224 pobladores de ambos sexos, pertenecientes al consultorio médico No. 46 del área de salud José Martí Pérez de Santiago de Cuba, desde agosto del 2013 hasta diciembre del 2014. Los datos de interés fueron plasmados en una planilla confeccionada al efecto. Se utilizaron variables cualitativas, cuantitativas y medidas de resumen como el porcentaje y el índice. Estos propósitos solo se cumplieron en los jóvenes de 18 años que mantenían todos sus dientes y en la población sana periodontalmente8AU)

A descriptive and cross-sectional investigation aimed at describing the fulfillment of the purposes of oral health by 2015 in 224 residents of both sexes, belonging to the doctor´s office Nº 46 of José Martí Pérez health area in Santiago de Cuba, was carried out from August, 2013 to December, 2014. The data of interest were written in a form made to this purpose. Qualitative, quantitative variables and summary measures were used as the percentage and index. These purposes were only fulfilled in the 18 years adolescents who had all their teeth and in the (AU)

Avaliação da relação entre depressão pós-parto, desmame precoce e hábitos de sucção não-nutritiva / Relation between postnatal depression, early cessation of breastfeeding and sucking habits

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a relação entre a depressão pós-parto, o desmame precoce e hábitos de sucção não-nutritiva. A amostra constituiu-se de 52 mães de bebês de 6 meses de idade, as quais foram selecionadas a partir dos registros de partos da Santa Casa de Misericórdia do município de Lavras - MG. Para o levantamento dos dados, foram utilizadas a escala de depressão pós-parto de Edimburgo e uma entrevista, na qual foram obtidas as informações sobre a situação de aleitamento materno e dos hábitos de sucção não-nutritiva dos bebês. Os dados coletados foram analisados estatisticamente pela distribuição de freqüência e do teste de correlação de Spearman. Os resultados mostraram que, por meio da escala de Edimburgo, 40,4% das mães foram classificadas na situação de depressão muito provável. Por meio de entrevista, foi verificado que 57,6% dos bebês não realizavam o aleitamento materno e 75% possuíam hábitos de sucção não-nutritiva. A correlação das variáveis demonstrou que, entre a depressão pós-parto e a situação de aleitamento materno, não houve associação (rs = 0,1937), enquanto que para a depressão pós-parto e os hábitos de sucção não-nutritiva (rs = 0,3815) e para a situação de aleitamento e os hábitos (rs = 0,4564) houve associação entre as variáveis testadas, ao nível de 1%